THE COUGAR CONUNDRUM

Attacks by cougars—variously called pumas, panthers, and mountain lions as well—seem to be on the upswing, though Elbroch observes that domesticated animals such as dogs and cows are far more dangerous, to say nothing of venomous arachnids and reptiles. An obvious reason for this spike, writes the author, is that there are simply more humans and, after a long campaign to eradicate them followed by an equally intense effort to restore them, more cougars, too. More and more humans are also spending more time outdoors, which increases the likelihood of encounters. Elbroch takes readers on a tour of cougar biology and ecology, emphasizing how important the big cats are to the ecosystem—e.g., they feed mostly on deer, which can easily become too abundant in the absence of predators. More pointedly, the author spends much of the book examining management practices, arguing against unrestricted hunting on several grounds, including the fact that “killing a mountain lion [has] more than ten times the impact in determining the likelihood that there will be conflicts in an area as compared to adding one more live mountain lion to that same area.” Elbroch is particularly critical of trophy hunters, who, in the case of bears, “cause social chaos that increases infanticide for up to two years following the death of their trophy bear.” The effects on mountain lion populations are less well known, but all the same, the author concludes that nonlethal conservation is preferable to but does not necessarily rule out hunting, making hunters and biologists natural allies: “We need bridges, not divisions, among stakeholders.”

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